Are you torn between choosing Ankara or Istanbul as your next travel destination in Turkey? Let’s compare the two cities to help you make an informed decision. Istanbul, a city steeped in ancient history and adorned with exquisite architecture, offers a vibrant atmosphere that combines European and Asian influences. With its diverse gastronomic scene, ranging from traditional flavors to modern cuisine, Istanbul is a food lover’s paradise. However, the city’s popularity can result in large crowds, noise, and challenging traffic conditions. On the other hand, Ankara, the political heart of Turkey, boasts a quieter atmosphere and abundant green spaces. It offers modern malls, attractions like the Mausoleum of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, and a variety of architectural styles. Nevertheless, Ankara may lack the same level of cultural life and restaurant scene as Istanbul. Ultimately, the choice between these two cities rests on your personal preferences and interests.

Geography

Location and size

Ankara and Istanbul are two major cities in Turkey, each with its own unique geographical characteristics and attractions. Istanbul is located in the northwestern part of the country, while Ankara is situated in the central part. Istanbul is positioned on both sides of the Bosphorus Strait, which divides the city into European and Asian sides. This geographical location gives Istanbul its distinct blend of European and Asian influences. Ankara, on the other hand, is situated in the heart of Anatolia, surrounded by beautiful natural scenery and landscapes.

In terms of size, Istanbul is the larger of the two cities. With a population of over 15 million people, it is not only the largest city in Turkey but also one of the most populous cities in the world. Ankara, although still a sizable city, has a smaller population compared to Istanbul, with around 5 million people residing in its metropolitan area.

Geographical features

Istanbul’s geographical features are truly mesmerizing. The city is surrounded by water, with the Bosphorus Strait to the north and the Sea of Marmara to the south. This unique location provides Istanbul with stunning views of the water and a wealth of maritime activities such as boat tours and fishing. In addition, Istanbul is built on several hills, offering visitors panoramic views of the city’s picturesque skyline and the Bosporus.

Ankara, on the other hand, is known for its greenery and natural surroundings. The city is located in the middle of the Anatolian Plateau, which is characterized by rolling hills and fertile valleys. Ankara is surrounded by agricultural lands, and the landscape is dotted with parks, gardens, and green spaces. This makes Ankara an ideal destination for those seeking a quieter and more relaxed atmosphere amidst nature.

History

Ancient history

Istanbul and Ankara both have rich histories that date back thousands of years. Istanbul, formerly known as Byzantium and Constantinople, has been a prominent city since ancient times. It served as the capital of three different empires: the Roman Empire, the Byzantine Empire, and the Ottoman Empire. As a result, Istanbul is filled with numerous ancient historical sites, such as the Hagia Sophia, the Blue Mosque, and the Topkapi Palace. These sites offer a glimpse into the city’s glorious past and are must-see attractions for history enthusiasts.

Ankara, although not as ancient as Istanbul, also has a significant history. The city has been inhabited since the Bronze Age and has been an important center throughout different periods of history, including the Hittite, Phrygian, and Roman civilizations. One of the most notable ancient sites in Ankara is the Roman Temple of Augustus, a well-preserved and iconic structure from the Roman era.

Modern history

In terms of modern history, Istanbul was the capital of the Ottoman Empire until it was dissolved in 1922. After the establishment of the Republic of Turkey, Istanbul remained an important cultural and economic center. Today, it continues to be a bustling metropolis, attracting visitors from all over the world.

Ankara, on the other hand, became the capital of Turkey in 1923. The city was chosen as the new capital due to its central location and strategic significance. Ankara has since developed into a modern city, with a focus on government institutions, politics, and diplomacy. It is home to the Grand National Assembly of Turkey and the presidential complex.

Culture

Traditional arts and crafts

Both Istanbul and Ankara have a rich cultural heritage, with a variety of traditional arts and crafts to explore. Istanbul, being a historical and cultural hub, offers a wide range of traditional arts and crafts such as pottery, carpet weaving, calligraphy, and marbling. Visitors have the opportunity to witness the craftsmanship behind these art forms through workshops and visits to traditional craft stores and markets.

Ankara, although not as renowned for its traditional arts and crafts as Istanbul, still offers visitors a chance to experience the local culture. The city is known for its production of traditional textiles, embroidery, and ceramics. Local artisans can often be found showcasing their skills at various craft fairs and exhibitions.

Performing arts

Istanbul is a vibrant city with a thriving performing arts scene. The city hosts numerous theaters, concert halls, and opera houses, offering a wide range of performances including theater plays, ballet, classical music concerts, and traditional Ottoman music. The Istanbul Music Festival, which takes place annually, attracts renowned musicians and performers from around the world.

Ankara, although not as internationally acclaimed for its performing arts scene as Istanbul, still has a number of theaters, concert venues, and cultural centers. The city is known for its ballet and opera performances, and there are several venues that regularly host theatrical shows and concerts.

Social customs

Turkish social customs and traditions are deeply rooted in both Istanbul and Ankara. Hospitality is a key aspect of Turkish culture, and visitors to both cities can expect to be warmly welcomed by the locals. Traditional Turkish tea, known as çay, is a symbol of hospitality and is often offered to guests.

In Istanbul, it is customary to remove your shoes before entering someone’s home. Turkish cuisine is another important aspect of social customs in both cities. Meals in Turkey are often shared and enjoyed together, with a variety of dishes that cater to different tastes. It is common to see extended families and friends gathering for a meal, creating a warm and inviting atmosphere.

Architecture

Historical buildings

Both Istanbul and Ankara boast a variety of historical buildings, each with its own architectural style and significance. Istanbul, with its ancient history, offers visitors a chance to explore iconic structures such as the Hagia Sophia, which combines Byzantine and Ottoman architectural elements, and the Blue Mosque, renowned for its unique six minarets and intricate tile work. The Topkapi Palace, with its stunning Ottoman architecture and expansive courtyards, is another must-visit historical building in Istanbul.

Ankara, although not as famous for its historical buildings as Istanbul, still has architectural gems to be explored. The Ataturk Mausoleum, also known as Anitkabir, is one of the most important structures in Ankara. It is a grand and imposing mausoleum dedicated to the founder of modern Turkey, Mustafa Kemal Ataturk. The Mausoleum is a blend of classical and modern architectural styles and houses a museum dedicated to Ataturk’s life and achievements.

Modern structures

Both Istanbul and Ankara have a mix of historical and modern architectural styles. Istanbul is known for its iconic skyline, which features a blend of ancient structures and modern skyscrapers. One of the most notable modern structures in Istanbul is the Istanbul Sapphire, a skyscraper that offers panoramic views of the city. The Kanyon Shopping Mall is another example of modern architecture in Istanbul, with its unique design and contemporary atmosphere.

Ankara, being the political center of Turkey, has a number of modern structures, government buildings, and diplomatic embassies. The city is also home to several modern shopping centers and malls that showcase contemporary architectural styles. These structures contribute to Ankara’s modern and cosmopolitan image.

Food and Dining

Cuisine

Turkish cuisine is renowned worldwide for its rich flavors and diverse culinary traditions. Istanbul, being a melting pot of cultures, offers a wide array of culinary delights. From traditional Turkish kebabs and street food to Ottoman-inspired palace cuisine, Istanbul has something for every palate. The city is also famous for its seafood, with numerous waterfront restaurants offering fresh catch from the Bosphorus.

Ankara, although not as diverse as Istanbul in terms of culinary offerings, still has its own culinary specialties. The city is known for its hearty Anatolian cuisine, with dishes such as Ankara Tava (a slow-cooked meat and vegetable stew) and Beypazari rice pilaf. Visitors to Ankara can also sample traditional Turkish pastries and desserts, such as baklava and Turkish delight, at local dessert shops.

Gastronomic scene

Istanbul’s gastronomic scene is vibrant and ever-evolving. The city is home to a wide range of restaurants, from trendy rooftop cafes with panoramic views to traditional meyhanes (Turkish taverns) that serve mezes (appetizers) and raki (an anise-flavored alcoholic drink). Istanbul is also known for its bustling food markets, such as the Grand Bazaar and the Spice Bazaar, where visitors can taste and purchase a variety of local delicacies.

Ankara, although not as diverse as Istanbul when it comes to its gastronomic scene, still offers visitors a chance to experience local flavors. The city has a number of restaurants and cafes that serve authentic Turkish cuisine, as well as international options. Ankara’s modern shopping centers also house various dining options, ranging from fast food chains to upscale restaurants.

Shopping

Traditional markets

Both Istanbul and Ankara have vibrant traditional markets, offering visitors a chance to experience the local shopping culture. Istanbul is famous for its historical markets, such as the Grand Bazaar and the Spice Bazaar. These bustling markets are filled with colorful stalls selling a variety of goods, including textiles, spices, jewelry, and traditional Turkish crafts. Navigating through the narrow aisles of the Grand Bazaar is a sensory experience that shouldn’t be missed.

Ankara, although not as renowned for its traditional markets as Istanbul, still has its own unique shopping experiences. The Ulus Sunday Market is a popular market in Ankara, where visitors can find a variety of goods, including local produce, clothing, and household items. This market provides a glimpse into the local lifestyle and is a great place to find unique souvenirs.

Malls and modern shopping centers

Both Istanbul and Ankara offer modern shopping centers and malls for those seeking a more contemporary shopping experience. Istanbul is dotted with numerous malls, including Istinye Park, Zorlu Center, and Kanyon, to name a few. These malls feature a wide range of international and local brands, as well as entertainment facilities such as cinemas and indoor amusement parks.

Ankara also has its fair share of modern shopping centers and malls. Popular malls in Ankara include AnkaMall, Armada, and CEPA. These malls offer a variety of shopping options, ranging from fashion and accessories to electronics and home goods. Visitors can spend their day exploring the various shops and enjoying a meal or a movie at one of the many dining and entertainment venues within these malls.

Green Spaces

Parks and gardens

Ankara, known for its greenery and natural surroundings, offers a multitude of parks and gardens for visitors to enjoy. Genclik Park, located in the heart of the city, is a sprawling park that features walking paths, picnic areas, and recreational facilities. Ataturk Forest Farm and Zoo is another popular green space in Ankara, offering a combination of lush greenery, a petting zoo, and various recreational activities.

Istanbul, although a bustling metropolis, is not without its green spaces. The city has several parks and gardens where visitors can escape the hustle and bustle. Emirgan Park, located on the European side of Istanbul, is a favorite among locals and tourists alike. Known for its vibrant tulip displays in the spring, Emirgan Park offers picturesque views of the Bosporus and is the perfect place for a leisurely stroll or a picnic.

Natural surroundings

Ankara’s central location in the Anatolian Plateau provides easy access to stunning natural surroundings. The city is surrounded by beautiful landscapes, including mountains, forests, and lakes. Visitors to Ankara can explore areas such as Golbasi Lake, where they can enjoy boating and fishing, or the Dikmen Valley, which offers picturesque views and hiking trails.

Istanbul, although more known for its urban attractions, also has natural beauty to offer. The city is situated between the Sea of Marmara and the Black Sea, providing opportunities for coastal walks and boat tours. In addition, just a short drive from Istanbul, visitors can find themselves in the peaceful and lush Belgrade Forest, where they can enjoy nature hikes and picnic spots.

Transportation

Public transportation

Both Istanbul and Ankara have well-developed public transportation systems, making it easy to navigate the cities and reach various attractions. Istanbul’s public transportation includes a network of buses, trams, metro lines, and ferries. The metro system, in particular, is extensive and connects different parts of the city, making it convenient for getting around.

Ankara’s public transportation system also offers a variety of options. The city has a metro system, buses, and a suburban train network. The Ankara Metro currently has three lines, connecting different parts of the city and providing easy access to major attractions. The city also has a well-organized bus system that covers a wide area.

Traffic conditions

While both Istanbul and Ankara have efficient public transportation systems, traffic conditions in Istanbul can be challenging. Istanbul is a busy and congested city, particularly during peak hours. Traffic jams are common, and the city’s narrow and winding streets can be difficult to navigate. It is recommended to use public transportation or taxis when moving around Istanbul to avoid traffic-related stress.

Ankara, on the other hand, generally has better traffic conditions compared to Istanbul. The city’s wide avenues and organized road system make it easier to get around by car. However, certain areas of Ankara can experience traffic congestion during rush hours, so it is advisable to plan accordingly and allow extra time for travel.

Attractions

Historical sites

Both Istanbul and Ankara are home to numerous historical sites that showcase the rich heritage of Turkey. Istanbul, with its ancient history, offers iconic attractions such as the Hagia Sophia, the Blue Mosque, and the Topkapi Palace. These historical sites not only provide insight into the city’s past but also offer breathtaking architecture and stunning visuals.

Ankara, although not as famous for its historical sites as Istanbul, still has attractions that highlight the country’s history. The Ataturk Mausoleum, as mentioned earlier, is a significant historical site in Ankara. In addition to the mausoleum, visitors can explore the Roman Temple of Augustus and the Haci Bayram Mosque, both of which have historical and cultural significance.

Landmarks

Both Istanbul and Ankara have landmarks that are synonymous with their respective cities. Istanbul’s most iconic landmark is the Hagia Sophia, a stunning architectural masterpiece that has served as a church, mosque, and museum throughout its history. The Galata Tower, with its panoramic views of the city, is another popular landmark in Istanbul.

Ankara’s most prominent landmark is the Ataturk Mausoleum. This grand and imposing structure is a symbol of modern Turkey and its founder, Mustafa Kemal Ataturk. The mausoleum is an architectural marvel that attracts visitors from around the world. Another landmark in Ankara is the Anitkabir Ataturk Museum, a museum dedicated to the life and achievements of Ataturk.

Conclusion

In conclusion, both Ankara and Istanbul offer unique and captivating experiences. Istanbul, with its ancient history, vibrant atmosphere, and diverse culinary scene, appeals to those who crave the hustle and bustle of a cosmopolitan city. On the other hand, Ankara’s greenery, quieter atmosphere, and historical sites make it a great choice for those seeking a more relaxed and nature-filled experience.

The choice between Ankara and Istanbul ultimately depends on personal preferences and interests. Istanbul offers a wealth of historical and cultural attractions, along with a bustling atmosphere and a wide range of dining and shopping options. Ankara, on the other hand, offers a blend of modern and historical architecture, a rich natural landscape, and a quieter environment.

Whether you prefer exploring ancient historical sites, immersing yourself in traditional arts and crafts, indulging in delicious cuisine, or enjoying the serenity of green spaces, both Ankara and Istanbul have something to offer. So, whether you find yourself drawn to the grandeur and vibrancy of Istanbul or the tranquility and natural beauty of Ankara, Turkey promises an unforgettable experience.